International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
Volume 15, Issue 2 , Pages 109-114 , April 2006

A randomised comparison of 0.5% bupivacaine with a lidocaine/epinephrine/fentanyl mixture for epidural top-up for emergency caesarean section after “low dose” epidural for labour

  • J. Goring-Morris
    • ,
  • I.F. Russell

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Dr. I.F. Russell, Department of Anaesthesia, Hull Royal Infirmary, Anlaby Road, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK, Tel.: +44 1482 674542; fax: +44 1482 674371.

,Accepted 1 November 2005.

References 

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  2. Report on Health and Social Subjects 34. Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in England and Wales 1982–84. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office; 1989: 140–151.
  3. Thomas J, Paranjothy S. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Clinical Effectiveness Support Unit. The National Sentinel Caesarean Section Audit Report. London: RCOG Press; 2001;
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  5. Lucas DN, Ciccone GK, Yentis SM. Extending low dose epidural analgesia for emergency Caesarean section. A comparison of three solutions. Anaesthesia. 1999;54:1173–1177
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  10. Sanders RD, Mallory S, Lucas DN, Chan T, Yeo S, Yentis SM. Extending low-dose epidural analgesia for emergency Caesarean section using ropivacaine 0.75%. Anaesthesia. 2004;59:988–992
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  12. Norton AC, Davis AG, Spicer RJ. Lignocaine 2% with adrenaline for epidural caesarean section. A comparison with 0.5% bupivacaine. Anaesthesia. 1988;43:844–849
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  14. Curatolo M, Orlando A, Zbinden AM, Scaramozzino P, Venuti FS. A multifactorial analysis of the spread of epidural analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1994;38:625
  15. Hodgkinson R, Husain FJ. Obesity and the cephalad spread of analgesia following epidural of bupivacaine for cesarean section. Anesth Analg. 1980;59:89–92
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  17. Tortosa JC, Parry NS, Mercier FJ, Mazoit JX, Benhamou D. Efficacy of augmentation of epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth. 2003;91:532–535

PII: S0959-289X(06)00005-7

doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2005.11.005

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
Volume 15, Issue 2 , Pages 109-114 , April 2006

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