International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
Volume 15, Issue 4 , Pages 320-324 , October 2006

Cardiorespiratory symptoms during pregnancy – not always pulmonary embolism

  • P.J. Evans
  • ,
  • K. Rajappan
  • ,
  • G.M. Stocks

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: G.M. Stocks, Department of Anaesthesia, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK. Tel.: +44 208 383 3991; fax: +44 208 383 5373.

,Accepted 1 January 2006.

References 

  1. Gherman RB, Goodwin TM, Leung B, et al. Incidence, clinical characteristics, and timing of objectively diagnosed venous thromboembolism during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;353:1386–1389
  2. Department of Health, Scottish Office Department of Health, Department of Health and Social Services Northern Ireland. Why Mothers Die. Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in UK 1994-96. London: TSO, 1998.
  3. RCOG . Why Mothers Die 1997-99. The Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the UK. London: The RCOG Press; 2001;
  4. CEMACH: Why Mothers Die 2000-2002. The Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the UK. Confidential enquiry into Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH) November 2004.
  5. Greer IA. The acute management of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2001;13:569–575
  6. Ray P, Murphy GJ, Shutt LE. Recognition and management of maternal cardiac disease in pregnancy. Br J Anaesth. 2004;93:428–439
  7. Ashrafian H, Bogle G, Rosen SG, Henein M, Evans TW. Portable echocardiography. BMJ. 2004;328:300–301
  8. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging during Pregnancy. Committee on Obstetric Practice September 1995; 158.
  9. Lowe SA. Diagnostic radiography in pregnancy: risks and reality. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004;44:191–196
  10. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Thromboembolic Disease in Pregnancy and the Puerperium: Acute Management. RCOG Guideline no 28: 2001.
  11. Nelson-Piercy C, Letsky EA, de Swiet M. Low molecular weight heparin for obstetric thromboprophylaxis: experience of 69 pregnancies in 61 high-risk women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;176:1062–1068
  12. Ellison J, Walker ID, Greer IA. Antenatal use of enoxaparin for prevention and treatment of thromboembolism in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2000;107:1116–1121
  13. Thomson AJ, Walker ID, Greer IA. Low molecular weight heparin for the immediate management of thromboembolic disease in pregnancy. Lancet. 1998;352:1904
  14. British Thoracic Society Guidelines for the management of suspected acute pulmonary embolism. Thorax 2003; 58: 470–483.
  15. Goldhaber SZ. Pulmonary Embolism. Lancet. 2004;363:1295–1305
  16. Schnitker MA, Bayer CA. Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta in young individuals, particularly in association with pregnancy: with report of a case. Ann Intern Med. 1944;29:486–511
  17. Katz NM, Collea JV, Moront MG, Mackenzie RD, Wallace RB. Aortic dissection during pregnancy: treatment by emergency caesarean section immediately followed by operative repair of the dissection. Am J Cardiol. 1984;54:699–701
  18. Eugene Braunwald, editor. Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Boston. W.B. Saunders, 6th ed (CD ROM Version).
  19. Scott C, Buruss N, Kalimi R, et al. Acute ascending aortic dissection during pregnancy. Am J Crit Care. 2001;10:430–434
  20. Lewis S, Ryder I, Lovell AT. Peripartum presentation of an acute aortic dissection. Br J Anaesth. 2005;94:496–499
  21. Immer FF, Bansi AG, Immer-Bansi AS, et al. Aortic dissection in pregnancy: analysis of risk factors and outcome. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;76:309–314
  22. Zeebregts CJ, Schepens MA, Hameeteman TM, Morshuis WJ, da la Riviere AB. Acute aortic dissection complicating pregnancy. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997;64:1345–1348

PII: S0959-289X(06)00042-2

doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2006.01.006

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
Volume 15, Issue 4 , Pages 320-324 , October 2006