International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
Volume 16, Issue 3 , Pages 241-249 , July 2007

Blood conservation techniques in obstetrics: a UK perspective

,Accepted 3 January 2007.

References 

  1. Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health. Why Mothers Die 2000-2002. London: RCOG Press; 2004.
  2. Wells AW, Mounter PJ, Chapman CE, Stainsby D, Wallis JP. Where does blood go? Prospective observational study of red cell transfusion in north England. BMJ. 2002;325:803–804
  3. SHOT (Serious Hazards of Transfusion). www.shot-uk.org.
  4. Pedan AH, Head MW, Ritchie DL, Bell JE, Ironside JW. Preclinical vCJD after blood transfusion in a PRNP codon 129 heterozygous patient. Lancet. 2004;364:527–529
  5. Davey RJ. Recruiting blood donors: challenges and opportunities. Transfusion. 2004;44:597–601
  6. Better Blood Transfusion 2: Health Service Circular; DoH 2002.
  7. Waterstone M, Bewely S. Incidence and predictors of severe obstetric morbidity: a case control study. BMJ. 2001;322:1089–1093
  8. Ekeroma AJ, Ansari A, Stirrat GM. Blood transfusion in obstetrics and gynaecology. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997;104:278–284
  9. Hill S R, Carless P A, Henry D A, et al. Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD002042. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002042. In: The Cochrane Library, Oxford: Update Software; 2002: Issue 2.
  10. Herbert PC, Wells GF, Blajchman MA, et al. A multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:409–417
  11. Wu WC, Rathore SS, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Krumholz HM. Blood transfusion in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1253–1256
  12. McClelland B. Who needs a transfusion?. In:  Thomas D,  Thompson J,  Ridler B editor. A Manual for Blood Conservation. Shrewsbury: tfm Publishing; 2005;p. 35–44
  13. Blood Matters. Issue 16: 2004. UK National Blood Service.
  14. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network 54: Perioperative blood transfusion for elective surgery: A National Clinical Guideline 2001. www.sign.ac.uk.
  15. de Andrande JR, Jove M, Landon G, Frei D, Guilfoyle M, Young DC. Baseline hemoglobin as a predictor of the risk of transfusion and response to Epoetin alpha in orthopedic surgery patients. Am J Orthop. 1996;25:533–542
  16. Faught C, Wells P, Fergusson D, Laupacis A. Adverse effects of methods for minimizing perioperative allogeneic transfusion: a critical review of the literature. Transfus Med Rev. 1998;12:206–225
  17. A National Blood Conservation Strategy for NBTC and NBS. Report from the Working Party on Autologous Transfusion and the Working Party on Alternatives to Transfusion to the NBS sub-group on the appropriate use of blood. Dr Virgie James, Jan 2004.
  18. McVay PA, Hoag RW, Hoag MS, Toy PT. Safety and use of autologous blood donation during the third trimester of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;160:1479–1486
  19. Herbert WN, Owen HG, Collins ML. Autologous blood storage in obstetrics. Obstet Gynecol. 1988;72:166–170
  20. Malynn ER, Kruskall MS, Neeson SL, Leonard SS. Analysis of autologous donations in pregnant women with placenta previa. Transfusion. 1988;28(Suppl 6):34s
  21. Gross JB. Estimating allowable blood loss: correction for dilution. Anesthesiology. 1983;58:277–280
  22. Napier JA, Bruce M, Chapman J, et al. Guidelines for autologous transfusion.II. Perioperative haemodilution and cell salvage. Br J Anaesth. 1997;78:768–771
  23. Grange CS, Douglas MJ, Adams TJ, Wadsworth LD. The use of acute hemodilution in parturients undergoing cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;178:156–160
  24. Goodnough LT, Monk TG, Brecher ME. Acute normovolemic hemodilution should replace the preoperative donation of autologous blood as a method of autologous-blood procurement. Transfusion. 1998;38:473–476
  25. Segal JB, Blasco-Colmenares E, Norris EJ, Guallar E. Preoperative acute normovolemic hemodilution: a meta-analysis. Transfusion. 2004;44:632–644
  26. Tawes RL. Clinical applications of autotransfusion. Semin Vas Surg. 1994;7:89–90
  27. Catling SJ, Freites O, Krishnan S, Gibbs R. Clinical experience with cell salvage in obstetrics: 4 cases from one UK centre. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2002;11:128–134
  28. Catling S, Joels L. Cell Salvage in obstetrics – the time has come. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;112:131–132
  29. Fong J, Gurewitsch ED, Kumip L, Klein R. Clearance of fetal products and subsequent immunoreactivity of blood salvaged at cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;93:968–972
  30. Potter PS, Waters JH, Burger GA, Mraovi B. Application of cell salvage during cesarean section. Anesthesiology. 1999;90:619–621
  31. Rebarber A, Lonser R, Jackson S, Copel JA, Sipes S. The safety of intraoperative autologous blood collection and autotransfusion during cesarean section. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179:715–720
  32. Rainaldi MP, Tazzari PL, Scagliarini G, Borghi B, Conte R. Blood salvage during caesarean section. Br J Anaesth. 1998;80:196–198
  33. Jackson SH, Lonser RE. Safety and effectiveness of intracesarean blood salvage. Transfusion. 1993;33:181
  34. Weiskopf RB. Erythrocyte salvage during cesarean section (Editorial). Anesthesiology. 2000;92:1519–1522
  35. Camann W. Cell salvage during cesarean delivery: is it safe and valuable? Maybe, maybe not! (Editorial). Int J Obstet Anesth. 1999;8:75–76
  36. Oei SG, Wingen CBM, Kerkkamp HEM. Cell Salvage: how safe in obstetrics?. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2000;9:143
  37. Thornhill ML, O’Leary AJ, Lusson SA, Rutherford C, Johnson MD. An in vitro assessment of amniotic fluid removal from human blood through cell saver processing. Anesthesiology. 1991;75:A830
  38. Catling SJ, Williams S, Fielding AM. Cell salvage in obstetrics: an evaluation of the ability of cell salvage combined with leucocyte depletion filtration to remove amniotic fluid from operative blood loss at caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth. 1999;8:79–84
  39. Bernstein HH, Rosenblatt MA, Gettes M, Lockwood C. The ability of the Haemonetics 4 cell saver system to remove tissue factor from blood contaminated with amniotic fluid. Anesth Analg. 1997;85:831–833
  40. Waters JH, Biscotti C, Potter PS, Phillipson E. Amniotic fluid removal during cell salvage in the cesarean section patient. Anesthesiology. 2000;92:1531–1536
  41. Clarke SL, Pavlova A, Greenspoon J, Horenstein J, Phelan JP. Squamous cells in the maternal pulmonary circulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986;154:104–106
  42. Clarke SL, Hankins DV, Dudley DA, Dildy GA, Porter TF. Amniotic fluid embolism; analysis of the National Registry. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172:1158–1169
  43. Fineschi V, Gambassi R, Gherardi M, Turillazzi E. The diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism: an immunohistochemical study for the quantification of pulmonary mast cell tryptase. Int J Legal Med. 1998;111:238–243
  44. Farrar SC, Gherman RB. Serum tryptase analysis in a woman with amniotic fluid embolism: A case report. J Reprod Med. 2001;46:926–928
  45. UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence NHS: Intraoperative blood cell salvage in obstetrics. Nov 2005.
  46. American Society of Anesthesiologists. Practice Guidelines for Obstetric Anesthesia. http://www.asahq.org/publicationsAndServices/OBguide.pdf.

 This article was presented at the Joint OAA/SOAP Meeting in Dublin, August 2006.

PII: S0959-289X(07)00024-6

doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2007.01.014

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
Volume 16, Issue 3 , Pages 241-249 , July 2007