International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
Volume 17, Issue 2 , Pages 118-122 , April 2008

Short term stability of pH-adjusted lidocaine-adrenaline epidural solution used for emergency caesarean section

Presented in part at the Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association Annual Meeting, Sheffield; May 2007

  • C. Tuleu

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Dr Catherine Tuleu, Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, UK, Tel.: +442077535857; fax: +442077535942.
    • ,
  • J. Allam
    • ,
  • H. Gill
    • ,
  • S.M. Yentis

,Accepted 1 September 2007.

References 

  1. Lam DT, Ngan Kee WD, Khaw KS. Extension of epidural blockade in labour for emergency Caesarean section using 2% lidocaine with epinephrine and fentanyl, with or without alkalinisation. Anaesthesia. 2001;56:790–794
  2. Regan K, O’Sullivan G. Extension of epidural blockade for emergency caesarean section: a survey of UK practice. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2006;15:S7
  3. Robinson J, Fernando R, Sun Wai WYS, Reynolds F. Chemical stability of bupivacaine, lidocaine and epinephrine in pH adjusted solutions. Anaesthesia. 2000;55:853–858
  4. Trissel LA. Handbook of injectable drugs. 10th ed.. Epinephrine HCl. Bethesda, USA: ASHP Publishers; 1998;pp. 454–9
  5. Larson PO, Ragi G, Swandby M, Darcey B, Polzin G, Carey P. Stability of buffered lidocaine and epinephrine used for local anesthesia. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1991;17:411–414
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  8. Bonhomme L, Postaire E, Touratier S, Benhamou D, Martre-Sauvageon H, Preaux N. Chemical stability of lignocaine (lidocaine) and adrenalin (epinephrine) in pH-adjusted parenteral solutions. J Clin Pharm Therap. 1988;13:257–261
  9. Bonhomme L, Benhamou D, Comoy E, Preaux N. Stability of epinephrine in alkalinized solutions. Ann Emerg Med. 1990;19:1242–1244
  10. DiFazio CA, Carron H, Grosslight KR, Mosccicki JC, Bolding WR, Johs RA. Comparison of pH-adjusted lidocaine solutions for epidural anesthesia. Anesth Analg. 1986;65:760–764
  11. Fernando R, Jones HM. Comparison of plain and alkalinized local anaesthetic mixtures of lignocaine and bupivacaine for elective extradural caesarean section. Br J Anaesth. 1991;67:699–703
  12. Gaiser RR, Cheek TG, Gutsche BB. Epidural lidocaine versus 2-chloroprocaine for fetal distress requiring urgent cesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth. 1994;3:208–210
  13. Gaiser RR, Cheek TG, Adams HK, Gutsche BB. Epidural lidocaine for caesarean delivery of the distressed fetus. Int J Obstet Anesth. 1998;7:27–31
  14. Allam J, Malhotra S, Hemingway C, Yentis SM. Epidural lidocaine-bicarbonate-adrenaline vs levobupivacaine for emergency caesarean section: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia 2007 (in press).
  15. Patel M, Craig R, Laishley R. A comparison between epidural anaesthesia using alkalinised solution and spinal (combined spinal/epidural) anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth. 1996;5:236–239
  16. Clark V, McGrady E, Sugden C, Dickson J, McLeod G. Speed of onset of sensory block for elective extradural caesarean section: choice of agent and temperature of injectate. Br J Anaesth. 1994;72:221–223

PII: S0959-289X(07)00180-X

doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2007.11.002

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
Volume 17, Issue 2 , Pages 118-122 , April 2008

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