International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
Volume 18, Issue 2 , Pages 169-172 , April 2009

Puerperal streptococcal toxic shock syndrome treated with recombinant human activated protein C and intravenous immunoglobulin

  • S. Al-Rawi

      Affiliations

    • Shackleton Department of Anaesthesia, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence to: Dr. S. Al-Rawi, Shackleton Department of Anaesthesia, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, SO16 6YD. Tel.: +44 0 7968443512.
    • ,
  • L.J. Woodward

      Affiliations

    • Shackleton Department of Anaesthesia, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
    • ,
  • J. Knight

      Affiliations

    • North Hampshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, UK

,Accepted 15 October 2008.

References 

  1. Why Mothers Die 2000–2002 – Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. Accessed November 2007. http://www.cemach.org.uk/publications/WMD2000_2002_ExecSumm.pdf.
  2. Kankuri E, Kurki T, Carlson P, et al. Incidence, treatment and outcome of peripartum sepsis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003;82:730–735
  3. Okumura K, Schroff R, Campbell R, et al. Group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis with retroperitoneal involvement developing in a late postpartum woman: case report. Am Surg. 2004;70:730–732
  4. Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:699–709
  5. Harrison DA, Penny JA, Yentis SM, et al. Case mix, outcome and activity for obstetric admissions to adult, general critical care units: a secondary analysis of the ICNARC Case Mix Programme Database. Crit Care. 2005;9(Suppl. 3):S25–S37
  6. Baxter F, McChesney J. Severe group A streptococcal infection and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Can J Anaesth. 2000;47:1129–1140
  7. The Working Group on Severe Streptococcal Infections . Defining the group A streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Rationale and consensus definition. JAMA. 1993;269:390–391
  8. Norrby-Teglund A, Basma H, Andersson J, et al. Varying titres of neutralizing antibodies to streptococcal superantigens in different preparations of normal polyspecific immunoglobulin G: implications for therapeutic efficacy. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;26:631–638
  9. Esmon CT. The protein C anticoagulant pathway. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992;12:135–145
  10. Warkentin TE, Levine MN, Hirsh J, et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients treated with low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1330–1335
  11. Mahabeer N, Zwaal J. Activated protein C in a pregnant patient with severe sepsis. Hosp Med. 2005;66:124
  12. Medve L, Csitari IK, Molnar Z, Laszlo A. Recombinant human activated protein C treatment of septic shock syndrome in a patient at 18th week of gestation: a case report. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;193:864–865
  13. Turgeon AF, Hutton B, Fergusson DA, et al. Meta-analysis: Intravenous immunoglobulin in critically ill adult patients with sepsis. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:193–203
  14. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of drotrecogin alfa (activated) (Xigris™) for the treatment of severe sepsis in adults: a systematic review and economic evaluation (Excluding Commercial in Confidence Data). Accessed April 2007. http://www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=222611.
  15. European Public Assessment Report. Accessed April 2007. http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/PDFs/EPAR/xigris/247102en1.pdf.

PII: S0959-289X(08)00177-5

doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2008.10.003

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
Volume 18, Issue 2 , Pages 169-172 , April 2009

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