Abstract
Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare and potentially catastrophic condition that is unique
to pregnancy. The presentation may range from relatively subtle clinical events to
sudden maternal cardiac arrest. Despite an increased awareness of the condition, it
remains a leading cause of maternal mortality. The underlying mechanisms of amniotic
fluid embolism are poorly understood, but current theories support an immune-based
mechanism which is triggered by potentially small amounts of amniotic fluid gaining
access to the maternal circulation. This can result in a wide spectrum of clinical
findings, with cardiovascular and haematological disturbances being prominent. The
management of a suspected episode of amniotic fluid embolism is generally considered
to be supportive, although in centres with specific expertise, echocardiography may
assist in guiding management. Whilst outcomes after an episode of amniotic fluid embolism
are still concerning, mortality would appear to have decreased in recent times, likely
secondary to an improved awareness of the condition, advances in acute care and the
inclusion of less severe episodes in case registries.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 16, 2013
Accepted:
August 6,
2013
Identification
Copyright
© 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
